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The Yield Improvement of Resistant Starches from Africa Locust (Parkia biglobosa): The Influence of Heat-moisture, Autoclaving-cooling and Cross-linking Treatments
Abdoulaye Sankhon,Wei-Rong Yao,Heya Wang,He Qian
American Journal of Food Technology , 2012,
Abstract: Native paprika starch was treated by heat-moisture treatment (HMT), autoclaving-cooling (Aut-cd) with and without anhydride acetic acid/adipic acid (Aut-acid) and sodium trimetaphosphate/sodium (STMP/STPP) tripolyphosphate cross-linking to produce Resistant Starch (RS). The resistant starch yield, crystalline structure, as well as other physicochemical properties of the modified starch was investigated. The yield of resistant starch was 36.33 and 50.16%, by HMT and Aut-col, respectively, whereas 48.56 and 50.16%, respectively were obtained by Aut-acid and STMP/STPP. The scanning electron microscopy images clearly illustrated that the granular structure of native parkia starch was disrupted and a continuous network with irregular shape was formed after HMT and autoclaving-cooling cycles. The subsequent chemical cross-linking appeared to make the network structure more compact and dense. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that B- and V types coexisted in all the modified parkia starches and the DSC results also showed that the formation of amylose double helices could contribute to the changes in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The RS-rich powder presented crystalline due to the process of heat moisture and autoclaving-cooling cycles with cross-linking treatment induced starch retrogradation. The procedure proposed might be used for production of a RS-rich powder from parkia starch with high resistant starch level and functional properties.
Influence of Process Conditions on Digestibility of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Starch
Abdoulaye Sankhon,Wei-Rong Yao,Issoufou Amadou,Heya Wang
American Journal of Food Technology , 2012,
Abstract: This study describes the isolation, digestibility and effect of process conditions on the Parkia biglobosa (African locust bean) starch digestibility. Parkia starch fractions are: Total Starch (TS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) and Resistant Starch (RS). The results indicate that processing conditions can be changed to effectively control the relative content of SDS and RS in Parkia starch products. Amylose is the molecular basis of RS while amylopectin is the main constituent of SDS and plays a key role in the structure and digestibility of SDS. This methodology may enable process modifications to influence the functional digestibility properties of prepared Parkia starch products.
Estimation of Timber Production of Five Species of the Tamaulipas Thorny Shrubs Growing in Native Stands and Plantations  [PDF]
Ngangyo Heya Maginot, Foroughbakhch Pournavab Rahim, Carrillo-Parra Artemio, Salas Cruz Lidia-Rosaura
Open Journal of Forestry (OJF) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2014.43031
Abstract:

Shrub species have a great capacity to develop in extreme climatic conditions; this ability has a direct influence on their development and productivity in timber and firewood. In this paper, the timber’s production of experimental plantation aged 28 years of Acacia berlandieri (Benth.), Havardia pallens (Benth.) Britton & Rose, Helietta parvifolia (Gray) Benth., Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby and Acacia wrightii (Benth.) species is quantified and compared with the production of the same species developed naturally in the native bush. The variables recorded were the number of shoots per tree, total height, basal diameter and diameter at breast height of each tree to determine the volume of wood with the Smalian equation. The results indicate that the volume of usable wood was higher in experimental plantation than that on native vegetation for H. parvifolia, A. berlandieri and H. pallens. The species that produced the highest volume of timber were H. parvifolia (0.396 m3·ha-1·year-1) in plantations and E. ebano (0.118 m3·ha-1·year-1) in native shrubs, species with lower production were H. pallens (0.059 m3·ha-1·year-1) and A. berlandieri (0.052 m3·ha-1·year-1) in the native area. The highest number of shoots was registered for A. berlandieri and H. parvifolia, with eight shoots per tree in experimental plantations of both species compared with native vegetation, which was five and three shoots per tree respectively. These results high-light the importance of developing plantations in degraded areas of scrub, which can increase timber volume production.

Software Industry Cluster be Disagreement on Theory and Practice  [PDF]
Yang Wang, Luqian Wang
Intelligent Information Management (IIM) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/iim.2010.210069
Abstract: In the view of traditional industry cluster theory, it is easy to copy the software industry cluster pattern, or it is easy to copy another Silicon Valley, due to low reliability of the resources and the guidance factors of locations in software industry. But it is much more difficult to copy a Silicon Valley mode practically than imaginatively and the difficulties of bringing up and supporting high-tech initiatives is more than theoretic anticipation. In China, the software companies have just gathered together geographically and therefore no initiative center can be formed. All these above signify that software industry cluster is distinct from the traditional industry clusters, but the cognition of the reasons of software industry cluster is not clear yet. Furthermore, reasonable explanations of the bewilderment in the economical practice of software industry cluster are urgently needed.
The Economic Growth Effect of Logistics Industry FDI Analysis  [PDF]
Yang Wang, Luqian Wang
iBusiness (IB) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/ib.2010.24049
Abstract: Based on the direction of the international FDI changed, from manufacturing to service industries, we should concern about the influence of the introduction of China’s logistics industry FDI to the national economy. The paper sets up regression model to examine logistics FDI and GDP in two aspects of time series and growth rate, we find that the logistics FDI reaches a high correlation with GDP, and logistics FDI is one of the major driving forces of economic development. Therefore, China should expand the introduction of logistics FDI, improve the quality of foreign investment, develop the positive economic growth effect of logistics FDI and promote the change of China’s economic growth pattern to ensure the development of China’s economy.
The Predictive Effects of Online Communication on Well-Being among Chinese Adolescents  [PDF]
Jinliang Wang, Haizhen Wang
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2011.24056
Abstract: Based on theories and previous studies on online communication, we proposed two hypotheses to better under- stand the effects of online communication on subjective well-being with a sample of Chinese adolescents (n = 190). The results of liner regression analysis found that online communication was positively related to adoles- cents’ subjective well-being. For boys, the coefficient of determination of online communication on subjective well-being was .143, and for girls the coefficient of determination was .040, indicating that boys benefit more from online communication than do girls.
The Impact of Radical Prostatectomy on the Survival of Patients with Carcinosarcoma of the Prostate  [PDF]
Jue Wang, Fenwei Wang
Journal of Cancer Therapy (JCT) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/jct.2011.24064
Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of radical prostatectomy on carcinosarcoma of the prostate. Methods: Patients diagnosed with carcinosarcoma of the prostate from 1977 through 2007 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Outcomes were examined with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox models. The association between clinical and demographic characteristics and survival of carcinosarcoma of the prostate was examined. Results: A total of fifty-four cases of histology confirmed carcinosarcoma of the prostate were identified. Median age of the patients was 74 years (range 28 - 94). Of the patients with a known tumor stage, all but one patient had a locally advanced or distant stage; all of the patients with known histology grade had poorly or undifferentiated histology. Twenty (37%) patients underwent transurethral resection only and Fourteen (25.9%) patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Eight (14%) patients received radiation therapy in combination with surgery. The median cancer specific survival was 16 months (95% CI 0 - 32 months). 1-, 3-, and 5- year cancer specific survival rate were 55.1%, 32.3% and 21.1%. In a multivariate analysis, radical prostatectomy was found to be a significant prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. Conclusions: Carcinosarcoma of the prostate commonly occurs in older patients and associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Radical prostatectomy is the only treatment modality that significantly improves survival. Emphasis on early diagnosis and detection and multimodality therapy of this disease is needed to improve the outcome for patients with this malignancy.
A Research on the Relationship between FDI and Jiangsu’s Regional Economy Disparity  [PDF]
Baoqian Wang, Cheng Wang
Technology and Investment (TI) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ti.2012.33018
Abstract: Through reading and summarizing relevant articles, the authors analyze two different kinds of effects that FDI influence the regional economy. Location and digesting ability reflects such non-equilibrium. By using regression analysis, the authors discover, in south Jiangsu, which the unit FDI increase contributes most to the GDP development, with middle and north Jiangsu lagging behind. The regression coefficient is 1.198, 0.429 and 0.572 respectively. Considering the index of digestion ability, unit FDI increase and unit GDP contribution rate still share strong relevant relationship. However, the coefficients change. The effects that FDI stimulate GDP growth are weakened, been made up by the endogenous ability. The granger test shows that in south Jiangsu, there exists a cycle of accumulative effect, namely both the FDI increase and the GDP growth do well with each other. However, in the rest of Jiangsu province, such effect is not obvious. Considering the elements of location and digesting ability, this paper offers tactics for Jiangsu for a better coordinate of future development.
Causes of and Remedies for Chinglish in Chinese College Students’ Writings  [PDF]
Ping Wang, Weiping Wang
Open Journal of Modern Linguistics (OJML) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ojml.2012.22009
Abstract: Based on Interlanguage Theory and other theories, this study examines data from samples of Chinese college students’ writings and interviews with the students to explore the causes of and remedies for Chinglish (a term used to refer English with Chinese characteristics). It claims that Chinglish is mainly caused by syntactic transfer from Chinese, the influence of Chinese thought patterns, inadequate exposure to authentic English and insufficient practice in English writing. The interviews with the students showed that the proportion of L1 thinking decreased with the writer’s L2 development. The recommended remedies for Chinglish include raising students’ awareness of distinctions between English and Chinese, increasing their exposure to authentic English and practice in English writing, and adjusting their thought patterns.
An Entanglement Criterion for States in Infinite Dimensional Bipartite Quantum Systems  [PDF]
Yinzhu Wang, Danxia Wang
Journal of Quantum Information Science (JQIS) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jqis.2012.23013
Abstract: In this paper, an entanglement criterion for states in infinite dimensional bipartite quantum systems is presented. We generalize some of separability criterion that was recently introduced by Wu and Anandan in (Phys. Lett. A, 2002, 297, 4-8) to infinite dimensional bipartite quantum systems. In addition, we give an example aimed to illustrate the application of the theorem.
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